Table of Contents 1. Introduction, 2. Soil Development and Survey, 3. Soil Water Relationship, 4. Role of Water, 5. Hydrological Cycle, 6. Soil Conservation, 7. Moisture Stress and Conservation in Dry Lands, 8. Drought and Agricultural Drought, 9. Watershed Management, 10. Development of Dryland Agriculture in India, 11. Researches in Dry Farming for Increased Productivity, 12. Waste Land Management, 13. Agro-Forestry and Social Forestry, 14. Agronomic Measures in Soil and Water Conservation, 15. Dry Farming, 16. Recommendations for Dry Farming, Future Prospects and Conclusion, 17. References