Table of Contents 1. Introduction, 2. Soil: Formation, Health, Conservation and Nutrient Cycling, 3. Taxonomic Characters and Key for Identification, 4. Collection and Preservation of Earthworms, 5. Morphology, Anatomy and Life Cycle of Earthworms, 6. Earthworm Community and Ecological Classification of Earthworms, 7. Vermiculture and Vermicomposting, 8. Effect on the Physical Features of Soil, 9. Soil Microbes and Earthworms, 10. Earthworm and Humification, 11. Effect of Vermicompost on Plants, 12. Therapeutic Values of Earthworm, 13. Questions, 14. References